On October 30, 1905 [October 17 old calendar], Tsar Nicholas II granted Russians basic civil liberties in the October Manifesto.

On October 30, 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt approved $1 billion in wartime aid to the Allies under the Lend-Lease Act. America did not formally enter World War II until December of 1941, but the U.S. Government nonetheless provided crucial aid to the Allied Powers from the passage of the Lend-Lease Act in March of 1941 through the end of the war. The Lend-Lease Agreement between the U.S. and U.K. was formalized the following year.

Learn more about the Lend-Lease Act.