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News BREAKING NEWS ~ NY judge imposes $1M-a-day fine against striking transit union
BREAKING NEWS ~ NY judge imposes $1M-a-day fine against striking transit union
Jeannie Shawl
December 20, 2005 04:04:00 pm

CBS News is reporting that a judge in New York has imposed a $1 million-per-day fine against the New York City Transport Workers Union for violating state law by going on strike. Earlier...

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News Congress abandons effort to split Ninth Circuit
Congress abandons effort to split Ninth Circuit
Jeannie Shawl
December 20, 2005 02:59:00 pm

Members of the US House and Senate have abandoned plans to split the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit , dropping the proposal from the budget reconciliation bill. House Judiciary Committee Chairman James Sensenbrenner had introduced...

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News BREAKING NEWS ~ Federal judge rules against ‘intelligent design’ in public schools
BREAKING NEWS ~ Federal judge rules against ‘intelligent design’ in public schools
Jeannie Shawl
December 20, 2005 10:52:00 am

AP is reporting that a federal judge has ruled that "intelligent design" cannot be taught in biology classes in a Pennsylvania public school district. US District Judge John E. Jones III ruled Tuesday that the Dover Area School District...

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News Serb trial begins in taped Srebrenica execution case
Serb trial begins in taped Srebrenica execution case
Jeannie Shawl
December 20, 2005 10:37:00 am

The trial of five former members of a Serbian paramilitary group charged with the videotaped execution of six Bosnian Muslims during the 1995 Srebrenica massacre began in Belgrade Tuesday. The five defendants, members of...

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News US Army Rangers sentenced for Iraq detainee abuse after guilty pleas
US Army Rangers sentenced for Iraq detainee abuse after guilty pleas
Jeannie Shawl
December 20, 2005 10:16:00 am

Five members of the elite US Army 75th Ranger Regiment have been sentenced for up to six months for abusing detainees in Iraq. The five soldiers were charged last month in connection with a September...

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News Saddam to end court boycott, lawyer says
Saddam to end court boycott, lawyer says
Jeannie Shawl
December 20, 2005 09:40:00 am

Defense lawyers for Saddam Hussein said Tuesday that the former Iraqi ruler will be in court when his trial resumes Wednesday. During proceedings earlier this month, Hussein boycotted a trial session ...

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News Sunnis allege fraud in preliminary Iraq election results
Sunnis allege fraud in preliminary Iraq election results
Jeannie Shawl
December 20, 2005 09:15:00 am

Sunni Arabs on Tuesday said that partial results released earlier this week in Iraq's parliamentary elections were a "falsification of the will of the people" and said that there was abundant evidence of fraud. Preliminary results...

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News Democrats say they never approved NSA domestic spying program
Democrats say they never approved NSA domestic spying program
Jeannie Shawl
December 20, 2005 08:39:00 am

Top Senate Democrats have said that they never approved or were fully briefed on the National Security Agency's post-September 11th domestic surveillance program . President Bush has vigorously defended the program, which monitors international communications of people in...

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News UN torture expert urges prosecution of Uzbek minister in Andijan uprising
UN torture expert urges prosecution of Uzbek minister in Andijan uprising
Jeannie Shawl
December 19, 2005 03:58:00 pm

Manfred Nowak, the UN's Special Rapporteur on Torture , has called for Germany to prosecute the Uzbek Minister of Internal Affairs, Zokirjon Almatov, for his handling of the May 2005 Andijan uprising . A group of survivors...

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News Uganda opposition leader pleads not guilty to treason, rape charges
Uganda opposition leader pleads not guilty to treason, rape charges
Jeannie Shawl
December 19, 2005 03:45:00 pm

Kizza Besigye , Uganda's jailed opposition leader, and 22 co-defendants pleaded not guilty Monday to treason charges for which they face the death penalty. Besigye has also been accused of rape and he pleaded not guilty...

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Peru dispatch: protesters demand new elections as death toll from political violence surges under newly sworn-in president

Peru dispatch: protesters demand new elections as death toll from political violence surges under newly sworn-in president

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THIS DAY @ LAW

President Lincoln signed first US federal income tax act

On July 1, 1862, the Tax Act of 1862 was passed and signed by President Lincoln, establishing a 3% federal tax on income above $600 and a 5% tax on income above $10,000.

Compliance with the act was poor, even though there were needs for the Civil War. After the war the act was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Review a brief history of the US income tax from the Library of Congress.

UK returns Hong Kong to China

On July 1, 1997, the United Kingdom returned Hong Kong to China at the conclusion of a 99-year lease. The foundation for the transfer of power was set in December of 1984, when China and UK signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration on Hong Kong. The Declaration affirmed the handover of Hong Kong along with governing principles. Most significantly, the Chinese agreed not to impose their socialist system on Hong Kong.

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